This paper (22 page PDF) identifies a set of five major types of online engagement in courses based on a literature search looking at student attitudes, beliefs and actions. The types are: social, cognitive, emotional, behavioural and collaborative engagement. It then identifies indicators for each type of engagement; for example, signs of social engagement might include 'building community, creating a sense of belonging, developing relationships or establishing trust." The authors then offer several uses for the framework, including as an aide to plan teaching or course design, as a critical reflection tool, or as a reference point for rogram review or individual course analysis.
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