This is quite a good article on trends based on a study of what people have been studying in the O'Reilly online learning platform (O'Reilly has long been a popular producer of learning resources in programming and development). It talks about the rise of specific languages (especially Javascript, though there's no mention at all of Perl, which is being learned by essentially nobody) and what this means for different programming paradigms (static or dynamic typing, object orientation). The cloud continues to be increasingly important, AI seems to have stalled a bit, containers continue to be important but there are more players now. It's all useful information, though I'd note that a snapshot of what's being learned is just that; it reflects change around the margins, but not the much larger trend of who is doing what. PHP, for example, is as dead as Perl according to these results, but it would be a huge mistake to think of it as irrelevant.
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