This short post summarizes a paper (39 page PDF) that updates a list of 11 'pathways' through which the World Bank influences education policy globally. The paper is based on a literature review of 70 recent studies of World Bank influence. These pathways include loans and aid and the conditions on those, pilot projects, technical assistance, research and reports, certification, events, and actor recruitment and socialization. "While these professionals often carry with them particular assumptions, frameworks, and expectations that align with those of the World Bank, the World Bank can also be a powerful socializing institution through its professional norms and its organizational incentives."
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