Though the field of education has its own versions of 'learning theory', neuroscientists are working their way toward an understanding of how learning actually happens. This article describes a new approach, called adjusted net contingency for causal relations (ANCCR) that better represents the relation between dopamine spikes and prior experiences than one base simply on prediction errors called temporal difference (TD). For a complex system such a neural network no simply theory will be completely accurate, though the formulation or this alternative may lead to new directions in research in both human learning and AI. Here's the study (11 page PDF) this article is based on. See also this recent article.
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