"Cooperation can be achieved if all participants do their assigned parts separately and bring their results to the table; collaboration, in contrast, implies direct interaction among individuals to produce a product and involves negotiations, discussions, and accommodating others' perspectives." Olga Kozar, English Teaching Forum (2010). Is collaboration a reasonable goal? Dividing students into groups and telling them to work together is no guarantee that they actually will. Kreijns, Kirschner, and Jochems (2002) also point to "the social-psychological/social dimension of social interaction that is salient in non-task contexts."
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