This article compares how expert knowledge differs from novice knowledge, and describes methods of capturing that knowledge. This work informs how we subsequently teach people to become experts. In this article, the authors argue that experts apply both perceptual and conceptual information in judgements of similarity and difference, while novices apply perceptual data alone. It made me wonder how much of the expert's description is rationalization after the fact, and how much was actual application of conceptual information. There's a good review of expertise development literature, including an explanation of the key roles of similarity and difference recognition in expert knowledge.
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