What makes this paper unique is that it considers the question from a variety of perspectives: students, field experts, instructors, administrators, and support staff. The authors argue, "students decide to drop out mainly due to four main reasons: internal reasons, external reasons, student characteristics, and student skills." OK, nothing revolutionary there. But here's what's important: administrators, instructors and staff are not aware of all the reasons students drop out. For example, "it is worth emphasizing that the instructors did not mention student skills at all." Skills included digital literacy ("I do not want to install any application on my phone, I cannot deal with it, and drop out") and self-regulation ("It seems to students that everything is simple and easy in ODE; but it requires a serious effort to be honest").
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