This article "aims to address the validity of three psychological instruments: 1) Self-efficacy for Performing (SEP); 2) Metacognitive Thinking Questionnaire (MTQ); 3) Knowledge-and-Appraisals Personality Architecture (KAPA)." Validity refers to the reliability or precision of survey instruments and the "degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores for proposed uses of tests." Validation determines whether the surveys can be used as predictive instruments. But these instruments need to be evaluated in the specific context in which they are being used, taking into account "reciprocity between personal, behavioural, and environmental components found in everyday life."
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