Overview of Vytotsky's theory of development, with an explanation of why (and how) Vygotsky believes that higher order cognitive phenomena are of a different type from more instinctual phenomena. "In cases of intellectualized psychological phenomena, the subject knows what he is seeing. He knows that the thing is a flower. Moreover, he knows that he is perceiving and feeling the thing. In contrast, elementary reactions are immediate responses to things and lack cognitive, intellectual, linguistic meaning." More on Vygotsky.
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